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What is an egress window?
An egress window, sometimes called an emergency escape and rescue opening, is a window or door that lets someone get out of a room in an emergency and lets rescuers get in. In a basement it is usually a larger window set in a window well outside.
When is one required?
Model residential codes, which Minnesota's residential code is built on, generally require an escape opening in every sleeping room and in a basement that is finished with habitable space. A basement used only for storage or a mechanical area typically does not need one. Local amendments and the code version in force can differ, so ask the building department for your address.
What size does it have to be?
The model code commonly sets a minimum size for the clear opening, a minimum width and height and a maximum height for the bottom of the opening above the floor. The exact numbers matter, because a window that looks big enough can still fall short once the frame and sash are counted. Have your partner contractor confirm the numbers against the code your city or county uses before anything is cut.
Window wells and ladders
An egress window below grade sits in a window well, and the well needs enough room to climb out. Deeper wells generally need a permanent ladder or steps. A well should also drain so it does not fill with water, and a cover, if used, must open from the inside without tools.
What the work involves
Adding an egress window to a basement usually means cutting an opening in a foundation wall, installing a header, setting the window and building the well. It is structural work. It typically needs a permit and an inspection, and it should be done by a licensed contractor.
Planning your basement
If you want a basement bedroom, plan the egress window into the project from the start so it is in the quote. See our basement finishing page for what a finished basement project includes, or read how to compare basement quotes.
Frequently asked questions
Does every basement room need an egress window?
No. Rooms used as bedrooms generally need one, and a basement with habitable space may need at least one. Storage and mechanical areas typically do not. Check with your building department.
Can a basement family room skip the egress window?
Often yes, if no one will sleep there. But if you may use the room as a bedroom later, or sell it as one, plan the window now.
Do I need a permit for an egress window?
Usually, because it changes the foundation wall. Your partner contractor confirms the permit and inspection requirements.
Can I use a door instead of a window?
A walkout door can serve as an escape opening in some layouts. The code sets its own requirements, so confirm with the building department.
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